Adrenal gland dysfunction

In mammals, the adrenal glands are endocrine glands of triangular site above the kidneys.
Are mainly responsible for the regulation of stress response through the synthesis of corticosteroids and catecholamines, including cortisol and adrenaline.

Each gland is separated into two distinct structures, each of which is regulated by the nervous system:
Marrow adrenal: is the heart of the central gland, surrounded by the adrenal cortex. Cromaffine cells of the adrenal marrow are the main source of hormones catecholamines: adrenaline and noradrenaline. these hormones are part of fight or flight reaction.
Adrenal cortex: its task is the synthesis of corticosteroids from the cholesterol. Some cells belong to the ipotalmico-pituitary-adrenal and are the source of cortisol synthesis. other cells produce androgens such as testosterone, while others regulate the concentration of water and elettrociti by aldosterone.

The adrenal glands are responsible for the release of 3 classes of hormones that control important functions including:
maintenance of metabolic processes, how to manage the levels of sugar in the blood and regulate the inflammatory
adjustment of balance of salts and water
control the fight or flight reaction to stress
maintenance of pregnancy
initiate and control sexual maturation during childhood and puberty

Also, are the source of sexual steroids, like estrogen and testosterone.

The dysfunction of the adrenal glands are related to their excessive or insufficient activity.

Adrenal dysfunction

Addison's disease or chronic insufficiency corticosurrenalitica early
derives from a severe reduction in permanent and irreversible, the increzione hormone produced by corticosurrene
main causes: auto-immune attack of the gland (70%), the destruction of the gland by granuloma primarily from TB (20-25% of cases)
cause children from destructive lesions of primary or metastatic tumors of the adrenal gland (lymphomas), adrenal hemorrhage or infarction, amyloidosis, fungal infections and CMV infections (mainly AIDS), the adrenal hypoplasia congenita (an inherited disease characterized by failure responsiveness adrenal cells  ACTH)
lack of aldosterone and cortisol is responsible for more serious manifestations of Addison's disease, while the lack of adrenal androgens is responsible for the reduction of the hair in women, especially in the axillary
symptoms: weakness, fatigue and orthostatic hypotension, anorexia and weight loss, skin hyperpigmentation, and vertigo attacks sincopali, neuropsychiatric disorders, abdominal pain, changes in sexual function

Cushing's syndrome or ipercortisolismo
Asthenia and easy fatigue for increased protein catabolism
rapid weight gain with centripetal obesity, particularly at the level of the trunk and face ( "moon face" and "buffalo hump")
hypertension
amenorrhoea and dysmenorrhoea
hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance
psychological problems (depression, psychosis, nervousness and irritability)
skin with areas of atrophy and striae typical red-purple on the sides on addome and lower limbs (Teleangectasie)
bone pain and articular
lengthening the time of healing and tendency to infection

Ipoadrenia
The term adrenal exhaustion or adrenal fatigue is often used by alternative medicine
under stress in the long term, the adrenal glands can become less able to respond to certain circumstances, and do not function properly leading to fatigue and stress and possible mood disorders

Symptoms:
exhaustion and fatigue
feeling of not enough rest
inability to deal with stress
feel overwhelmed and weakened
desire for salty foods and sweets
less ability to recover after physical activity
recovering from injuries, illnesses and stress slower
difficulty concentrating, mental fogging
maldigestion
lowering of immune function
food allergies or environmental
premenstrual syndrome or disturbances during the menopause
significant low-pressure
extreme sensitivity to cold
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

genetic disorder
the body does not produce enough cortisol
may be other hormonal imbalances regarding aldosterone (inadequate) or androgens (excess)

In addition to traditional treatments, there are some other measures that may be helpful in case the adrenal disorders:
Diet: diet that avoids sugar and caffeine, guarana, stimulants
Vitamin B supplements and multvitaminici
Herbs: chuchuhuasi, tayuya, erva Tostao, Espinheiro holy, maca, catuaba, suma, Muira Puama, cat's claw, artichoke, passionflower, huanarpo macho

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